Habu temple, the mortuary temple, or the temple of Ramesses III; It is considered one of the greatest temples of the Twentieth Dynasty. It was built by King Ramesses III to perform funeral rites for him and to worship the idol Amun.The temple consists of a great entrance surrounded by two towers, on these towers are inscriptions representing the arms of the family and pictures of Ramses III, and the upper floors of these two towers were dedicated to the royal harem.
This temple is considered the most luxurious of temples in terms of furniture and carvings.A statue of Amun was decorated with precious stones, on the walls of the temple, valuable inscriptions. It was built at the beginning of the reign of King Ramesses III as a funerary temple. and was built by Amun ,Treasurer of the Temple of Amun. The first half of the contemporary designation of the temple refers to the Christian city that was built within the walls of the templeز
Habu refers to Amenhotep son of Habu, Vizier of Amenhotep iii ,There is also a belief that this title goes back to Henry's priest who resided in this place after that. This temple is considered one of the largest funerary temples to commemorate the kings in the era of the New Kingdom. It is considered the only fortified temple. It is most likely that it was built in two stages. The first stage included building the temple and its annexes within a rectangular wall.
The second stage most likely began in the second half of the reign of King Ramesses III. During this period, the outer wall was constructed with its two large fortified gates in both the east and west, and between the two walls in the north and south were the homes of the priests and those in charge of the temple. The entrance to the temple has been designedsystematically planned.The temple has two walls, an internal wall and an external wall.
They are no longer the adjustment wall of the ship's anchorage. When entering the temple from the entrance on the southeast side; It is a gate that was adjacent to it on both sides by two guard rooms to reach to the High Gate of Ramses III. It is a unique building in Egypt. Ramses III ordered its construction in the style of Syrian castles known as “Majdal”. It consists of two towers with balconies, with a gate in the middle, which is considered the entrance.
It is considered the most distinguished sanctity in the HabuTemple;the three masters' halls of the MedinetHabu Temple are located on the axis of the temple and follow one another. The last masters' hall is distinguished by three entrances: an entrance in the middle to reach the hall of the Holy of Holies for the boat of the god Amun, the second entrance leads to the cabin of the god Khonsu's boat, and the third entrance leads to the cabin of the goddess Mut's boat. The sanctuary in the MedinetHabu Temple is the special part of the “Holy Theban Trinity,” surrounded by many rooms of different shapes and different themes, some of which are dedicated to the gods and goddesses.
Others are dedicated to temple supplies that were used in religious rites and rituals in the temple, and rituals that were useful to the deceased king during his journey to the other world.It is considered one of the most magnificent and magnificent funerary temples.This temple was created by Pharaoh Ramesses III, one of the kings of the Twentieth Dynasty and the most powerful of its kings. He worked to protect Pharaonic Egypt from all aspects, and he built warships.
His victories were overwhelming, until he reached Syria. Ramesses III built his funerary temple to record his victories on its walls, and to serve as a temple to Amun God of War.In the form of a woman carrying the head of a female lion to indicate strength and ferocity, the Pharaohs in ancient Egypt were interested in building funerary temples to perform their rituals. Amenhotep I began building his temple in this area, and Hatshepsut and Tuthmosis III completed it.
When Christianity entered Egypt, the second courtyard was used as a church for Christians in this area. Inside the temple there is the first pylon and its courtyard for holding rituals, and on its side is a royal palace for Ramesses III with a balcony so he can follow the celebrations and rituals from it, then the second pylon and its courtyard, which contains the wonderful cylindrical columns that tell the story of his victory over the Libyans, and behind the second courtyard is the Great Hypostyle Hall, of which only remains. Simple parts of it, followed by some rooms and small temples that lead to the Holy of Holies.
The temple of ramses in habu is one of the most important structures in luxor. This temple is called in the ancient Egyptian language "Hat-Khenemt-H", perhaps meaning "Temple of the One with Eternity." This temple is located in the far south of a group of temples commemorating the Pharaohs built on the edge of the desert near the cultivated lands in western Thebes.
It seems that Ramses III had ordered its construction in an area that had a certain sanctity, as evidenced by the presence of temples and buildings dating back to different eras, starting from the era of the Middle Kingdom until the Coptic era. The whole area of the temple was walled, as is the practice in most Egyptian temples, with a huge wall of mud bricks with a height of 17.7 meters, preceded by another wall consisting of a stone wall with balconies that reached a height of 3.9 meters. The two walls took right angles in the northeastern and southeastern corners, while similar parts in the northwest and south were curved.