Considered the best-preserved valley temple all over Egypt, The Valley Temple was built was covered with pink granite. This temple has been buried under the desert sand until the 19th century. The Valley Temple was the home to Pharaoh Khafre, built in the mid- to late twenty-sixth century. The valley temple appeared for the first time during the reign of Pharaoh Snefru and It was built where the desert met the green land, and water canals were sometimes built for it. It may contain niches containing statues of anthropomorphic figures. The temple also had the ability to climb mountains to climb above it and complete some religious rituals. During the reign of Sneferu, a complete construction facility began around the pyramid . This temple was built next to the Sphinx, and archaeologists found other temples for Kings Menkaure, Sahure, (Niuserre), Unas, Pepi II, Senusret II, and Amenemhat III. There were also other valley temples on the fertile land near the Nile, but they have not been studied. During the Middle Kingdom, temples similar to the design of the Valley Temple were built, connected to the cemeteries in Thebes and Aswan. In the era of the modern Egyptian state, the Valley Temple ceremonies moved to the Karnak temples. The shore of the Nile or the construction of canals for it. Statues of gods and Pharaoh were erected in front of it, and rituals were held in it with the arrival of processions of other gods. Some archaeologists believe that the process of embalming the king's body was taking place in these temples.
In the past, entry to it was through two entrances in the eastern, one on the northern side and the other on the southern side, and entry to it was from the northern entrance. This slave was established in order to perform the funeral rituals for the deceased king, including purification of the body, embalming, and recitation of funeral prayers. The ritual of opening the mouth, which was held after the completion of embalming and on the day of burial, was also performed. This ritual was a magical ritual intended to enable the deceased to speak again and enjoy the offerings in the other life that he was about to start, which is more important than his first life on earth. The Valley Temple of King Khafre is considered the place where the Pharaoh’s body was mummified and his mummy was prepared, which was then transported in a large procession to a temple directly next to the pyramid, called the Mortuary Temple. The temple was built with huge limestone stones, and its walls were covered with blocks of polished red-pink granite. roofed with granite blocks that were focused on 16 columns. There were twenty-three statues of the king (Khafre). We still see the places of their bases on the floor of the temple.Valley Temple of Khafre is located to the East of Chefren’s pyramid in the giza pyramid, closer to the nile and the famous Great spinx.
One of the most important rituals that takes place in the Valley Temple is the opening of the mouth ritual that was held after the completion of the embalming and on the day of burial. first life on earth. Pharaoh Khafre, also is known as King Kafhra .it was a very important King of the 4th dynasty during the old kingdom in Egypt. He was the son of King Khufu. The Pyramid of Khafre is the middle pyramid among the three Egyptian pyramids. it was built for the son of King Khufu, the owner of the Great Pyramid. Compared to the rest of the Egyptian pyramids, the Pyramid of Khafre is the second tallest among them. Among the most prominent things this middle pyramid contains is the tomb of King Khafre. The importance of building Khafre's pyramid comes from the importance of building all Egyptian pyramids, as the ancient Egyptian kings built some pyramids in order to be their tombs after their death.
During his reign, the Valley Temple was built, which is a temple connected to the pyramid of Khafre through a bridge consisting of huge blocks of granite. It also contains some compositions that were carved from products brought from the Nubian desert. it is attributed to King Khafre . and it was built to serve two functions. First, it was used for the purification of the mummy of the king before its burial. Second, it was used for making the mummification process of the king.
As for the Valley Temple, it consists of huge blocks of limestone covered with granite, while the floors are covered with alabaster, and its wide courtyard includes homogeneous granite columns. The niches carved into the walls of the square were arranged symmetrically along the walls to contain statues of the king, some of which are currently on display in the Egyptian Museum in Tahrir. One of them is the famous statue of Khafre made of granite with the falcon Horus standing behind his head. This statue is considered one of the masterpieces of ancient Egyptian art. The Valley Temple is the most complete building of the king's funerary group, with the exception of the roof.